This report provides a comprehensive overview of the barriers and opportunities influencing the uptake of nature-based solutions (NbS) in urban regimes, as well as the underlying factors or conditions explaining these. They understand urban regimes as being shaped by institutional structures across three broad domains: the regulatory, the urban development and the finance domains. Data was collected through interviews, desk study and placements in a total of seven cases – The Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, Hungary and the European Union.